The Hurricane Katrina Hit New Orleans - 878 Words

Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans in August of 2005. A once vibrant and cultural community was decimated by harsh winds and extreme flooding. The rescue efforts sent to Louisiana were substantial, consisting of now only FEMA but also donated services from other countries as well. Even so thousands of people were displaced from their homes. There are people who refused to leave even after their homes were flooded and their mementos lost to the dirty polluted water. Ten years after the fact the city is still under construction. There are varying degrees of repair from street to street, the tourist area was one of the first few areas to be repaired, and the neighboring residential areas seem to have become of secondary importance. People were forced into homelessness because they could not afford to repair the house they had worked to attain before the hurricane toppled their economy. Still to this day the homeless line the streets, which should seem scary and dangerous, but it does not feel that way. It has become obvious that people need to learn to look beyond their own beliefs to better understand the world as a whole because not everything is how it seems. I went to New Orleans in May of 2015 to see my brother graduate from Loyola University, I had never gone to see him once in his four years there because my parents feared for my safety. I was told to be afraid of the people on the streets, to always be with someone who was bigger and stronger than myself. I was walkingShow MoreRelatedThe Impacts of Hurricane Katrina on New Orleans798 Words   |  3 Pages I am doing a project on the impacts on New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina. Hurricane Katrina hit on August 28, 2005. The hurricane caused many deaths and many injured people after this disaster. They lost so much money for repairs and all the oil that they lost from this catastrophic event. 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PeopleRead MoreHurricane Katrin Human Made Disaster Essay1315 Words   |  6 PagesHurricane Katrina: Human-made Disaster â€Å"Situated on a bend of the Mississippi River 100 miles from its mouth, New Orleans has been the chief city of Louisiana and the Gulf of Mexico’s busiest northern port since the early 1700s. Founded by the French, ruled for 40 years by the Spanish and bought by the United States in the 1803 Louisiana Purchase, New Orleans is known for its distinct Creole culture and vibrant history. Significant battles of the War of 1812 and the Civil War were fought overRead MoreHurricane Katrina Essay866 Words   |  4 PagesHURRICANE KATRINA Hurricane Katrina was one of the deadliest hurricanes ever to hit the United States. Hurricane Katrina started out as any other hurricane, as the result of warm moisture and air from the oceans surface that built into storm clouds and pushed around by strong forceful winds until it became a powerful storm. 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Finger pointing started before the event was over. Most of the focus on Hurricane Katrina was on its impact on New Orleans; however, the storm ravaged a much wider area than that. This paper will briefly summarize the event, the impact on the city of New Orleans and the lessons learned to ensure preparedness today. Hurricane Katrina FormedRead MoreRace, Hurricane Katrina, and the Aftermath Essay1125 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"George Bush doesn’t care about black people.† these are the words that Kanye West spoke during a Hurricane Katrina fundraising concert. Not only did the sentiment expressed with those words resonate with many Americans watching the concert that day, but observing the post Hurricane Katrina aftermath some would go a step further and argue that the United States government doesn’t care about black people. Although there were several events in the history of this country that would lead oneRead MoreThe Wrath of Mother Nature: Disaster Management of Hurricane Katrina1341 Words   |  6 PagesEarth. Hurricane Katrina was one of the worst natural disasters ever recorded. With fierce winds and high water levels Katrina hit the city of New Orleans with great force on Monday Aug 29th 2005 (Oshinsky). The water rose so high that it left about 80 percent of New Orleans underwater (Oshinsky). The truly sad part of this whole situation is how ill prepared New Orleans was for this disaster. Many people thought that Hurricane Katrina would skim by the coast of New Orleans like many hurricanes in the

Compare the historical performance of William Hill against Ladbrokes

Essays on Compare the historical performance of William Hill against Ladbrokes for their growth analysis over the last few years Essay RATIO ANALYSIS OF WILLIAM  HILL  PLC Growth of a firm is the fact that encapsulates the interests of shareholders, investors, analysts and all other stakeholders (Mouri, Sarkar Frye, 2012). Importantly, this growth is geared and contributed by various factors, and understanding of the growth is only possible with an insight into the trend of these factors. Concurrently, the strength of this growth is also gauged in comparison with the performance of competitors. In a similar pattern, this report assesses the growth of different financial components of William  Hill  PLC, which is one the leading bookmaking service provider in the United Kingdom (Google Finance, 2014a). The comparison is developed against competitor  Ladbrokes  PLC, which is another leading betting and gaming company in the UK (Google Finance, 2014b). Revenue and Profits Growth The growth trend of the revenue and profits of the two competitors shows the following: Revenue Growth 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004                                  WMH  PLC Rev 1,486,500 1,276,900 1,136,700 1,071,800 997,900 963,700 940,400 894,200 10,746,000 8,287,700 16.4% 12.3% 6.1% 7.4% 3.5% 2.5% 5.2% -91.7% 29.7%    LAD Rev 1,117,700 1,084,400 976,100 980,100 1,032,200 1,172,100 1,235,000 970,000 11,505,000 11,893,000 3% 11% 0% -5% -12% -5% 27% -92% -3%    Profits 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 William  Hill  PLC 257,000 277,700 187,400 193,300 120,900 293,300 209,200 235,400 176,000 205,300 -7% 48% -3% 60% -59% 40% -11% 34% -14%    Ladbrokes  PLC 67,600 200,700 134,600 147,100 174,100 250,200 344,200 243,000 240,000 311,000 -66% 49% -8% -16% -30% -27% 42% 1% -23%    The revenue trend of both companies shows that they have consistent growth, though the growth of the competitor remained in the negative domain for most of the season. However, there has been wide variation in the performance of the profits growth. LAD, in terms of revenue, remained in the negative domain while the company under discussion showed consistent fluctuations. The fluctuation in the profit did not show any notable reflection on total assets. Further, notable growth of the fixed assets was reported in 2004 and then in the most recent reported year, while in the remaining years the current assests absorbed the fluctuation. This is unlike LAD’s trend of total asset growth, which showed a decline in the initial years, with a drop in sales, and only managed to recover to some extent. The trend is as follows: William  Hill  PLC 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004    Fixed Assets 2,141,200 1,685,200 1,643,700 1,670,600 1,674,400 1,727,300 1,595,200 1,563,500 1,369,000 858,100 Growth 27% 3% -2% 0% -3% 8% 2% 14% 60%    Current  Assets 272,700 190,000 164,600 156,700 176,000 108,600 107,500 144,000 97,000 82,700 Growth 44% 15% 5% -11% 62% 1% -25% 48% 17%    Total Assets 2,413,900 1,875,200 1,808,300 1,827,300 1,850,400 1,835,900 1,702,700 1,707,500 1,466,000 940,800 Growth 29% 4% -1% -1% 1% 8% 0% 16% 56%      Ladbrokes  PLC   2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 Fixed Assets 1,041,700 933,200 893,600 909,900 893,200 1,013,400 840,100 715,900 656,000 4,234,000 Growth 12% 4% -2% 2% -12% 21% 17% 9% -85%    Current  Assets 77,000 93,100 106,900 102,500 174,600 260,700 205,300 114,400 4,794,000 870,000 Growth -17% -13% 4% -41% -33% 27% 79% -98% 451%    Total Assets 1,118,700 1,026,300 1,000,500 1,012,400 1,067,800 1,274,100 1,045,400 830,300 5,450,000 5,104,000 Growth 9% 3% -1% -5% -16% 22% 26% -85% 7%    Liabilities and Equities Total assets are financed either by debt or equity. In the initial years, WMH financed its total assets from the long term liabilities (in 2005 and 2006), and since then it has been retiring its debt and shifting its focus towards equity and short term financing. It raised its long term liabilities again in the current year for financing total assets. On the contrary, Ladbrokes  Plc has recentlty increased its reliance on equity after consistent retirement of sizebale equity in the years around the finacial crisis.    2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 William  Hill  PLC Short Term Liabilities 328,600 273,300 257,800 224,900 552,700 212,600 148,500 181,400 186,000 203,600 Growth 20% 6% 15% -59% 160% 43% -18% -2% -9%    Long term 1,062,000 579,500 662,700 759,200 553,600 1,275,200 1,321,100 1,335,600 1,061,000 486,200 Growth 83% -13% -13% 37% -57% -3% -1% 26% 118%    Total Liabilities 1,390,600 852,800 920,500 984,099 1,106,302 1,487,800 1,469,600 1,517,000 1,247,000 689,800 Growth 63% -7% -6% -11% -26% 1% -3% 22% 81%    Equities 1,023,300 1,022,400 887,800 843,200 744,100 348,100 233,100 190,500 220,000 251,000 Growth 0.09% 15.16% 5.29% 13.32% 113.76% 49.34% 22.36% -13.41% -12.35%    Ladbrokes  PLC Short Term Liabilities 184,800 144,700 280,200 271,300 304,600 818,300 561,500 381,600 589,000 988,000 Growth 27.71% -48.36% 3.28% -10.93% -62.78% 45.73% 47.14% -35.21% -40.38%    Long term 506,900 460,600 414,300 484,500 823,600 783,800 934,700 1,075,600 2,268,000 1,565,000 Growth 10.05% 11.18% -14.49% -41.17% 5.08% -16.14% -13.10% -52.57% 44.92%    Total Liabilities 691,700 605,300 694,500 755,800 1,128,200 1,602,100 1,496,200 1,457,200 2,857,000 2,553,000 Growth 14.27% -12.84% -8.11% -33.01% -29.58% 7.08% 2.68% -49.00% 11.91%    Equities LD 427,000 421,000 306,000 256,600 -60,400 -328,000 -450,800 -626,900 2,593,000 2,551,000    1.43% 37.58% 19.25% -524.83% -81.59% -27.24% -28.09% -124.18% 1.65%    Return on Equity Overall growth of a firm is measured by the return on equity of the firm. Accoridng to Palepu and Healy (2007), the measure for sustainable growth of the firm as follows: ROE x (1 – dividend payout ratio) However, since both firms do not offer dividends to their shareholders, the measure of ROE on the whole is taken as a measure of sustainable growth. WMH showed huge growth in the intial years of assessment; however, it fell steeply after the financial crisis. Moreover, the ROE has attempted to regain the strength. On the other hand, competitor LAD showed a similar wide fluctuation of the ROE as well, where it indicated no trend from 2006 to 2009 and gained a position almost doubled in comparison to that of WMH, as shown from figures below: Growth 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 ROE (WMH)% 25.11 27.16 21.11 22.92 16.25 84.26 89.75 123.57 80 ROE (LF))% 15.83 47.67 43.99 57.33 n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. 9.26 Hence, the overall growth performance of WMH was found to be considerably consistent as compared to LAD. References Google Finance. (2014a). William Hill Plc. Available from http://www.google.co.uk/finance?q=LON%3AWMHei=zedIVLCKIamgwwOu1YDACg [Accessed 23rd October, 2014] Google Finance. (2014b). Ladbrokes Plc. Available From http://www.google.co.uk/finance?q=LON%3ALADei=evVIVMHJJoKmwAPJjoCIDQ [Accessed 23rd October, 2014] Mouri, N., Sarkar, M. B. Frye, M. (2012). Alliance portfolios and shareholder value in post-IPO firms: The moderating roles of portfolio structure and firm-level uncertainty.  Journal of Business Venturing,  27(3), pp. 355–371. Palepu, K. Healy, P. (2007).  Business analysis and valuation: Using financial statements. Cengage Learning.

Athletes and Ethics The Choice to be Role Models Free Essays

The merits and ethics of athletic scholarships, and the accountability athletes had to accept to conform to projected social norms is a contentious issue. On one hand, the pressures athletes face depend on the nature of the various normative and actual notions of role models projected onto athletes by the relevant institutions, the branches of these institutions, and society at large. However, the pressures athletes face depend on the attitude of the athlete towards the concept of the ‘role model’, and how seriously the athlete takes subjective notions of public image   and civic virtue. We will write a custom essay sample on Athletes and Ethics: The Choice to be Role Models or any similar topic only for you Order Now The social and institutional versus athlete pressure/role model dynamic essentially hinge on whether athletes should be viewed as role models, the difficulty in being a role model, whether they should indeed be expected to be role models, or if athletes even have a choice in the matter. Athletes and Ethics: Big Pressure for High School and College Athletes A young boy enters the house in his favorite purple Lakers jersey. As he sat in front of the television, he sees his favorite basketball star, Kobe Bryant, arrested for allegedly sexually assaulting of a woman.   From the perspective of civic functionality, there are some strong views against the use of athletes as role models. Citing the high profile example of Kobe Bryant, Brown (2005) contends that there can be a discrepancy between the public persona and private deeds of high profile professional athletes. Bryant’s case is instructive of cases where an athlete’s public good standing can be shattered in the light of public scrutiny. Whether or not there was truth to the allegations, did Bryant hold any responsibility to the public regarding the damage this has to his image? Either way, he did not have a choice. Athletes as Role Models: A Perception of the Past   At issue here was the view that to be a role model was defined by the contributive function made by a member of society. Doctors, police, firefighters and soldiers were apparently more intrinsically deserving of the social abstraction of â€Å"role model.† However, the philanthropic activity of athletes did not negate their supposed lack of social function outside of a sport (Brown, 2005). The emergence of the celebrity status of athletes as role models of the youth may seem to be a product of mass media and marketing. To prove that this was not so, all puns aside, Mosher (1998) gave further credence to the image of sports people as role models. A presentation of the athletes as role models in a historical and sociological context must be done to show the perception these sports people had for the longest time. The British amateurism in the sports of the 19th century, where amateurism and elitism worked hand in glove to exclude the working classes from any participation in certain sports that were the reserved for the â€Å"civilized gentlemen† of the ruling elite (Mosher, 1998). Chivalry was the image of role models, as translated to the modern century America’s language, was both universally accepted and desirable. America, where improving one’s lot was the central pillar for its foundation, did not let amateurism find fertile ground in this self-proclaimed egalitarian nation. Hence, with professionalism and the social mobility associated with it, came the desire of upstanding role models in sport inherited by concepts of chivalry in the Old World. Going back further in time, the Greeks were seen to greatly influence how heroism was related to sports. During their time, sportsmen were regarded as heroes. Competition was something that was highly regarded and those who participated were regarded to be men who were above ordinary men (Boon, 2005). The hero figure was someone who had physical strength, courage and an innate ability to confront dangerous circumstances without fear; most of these qualities were attributed to their Greek athletes as well as to their great warriors. A hero was the Greek’s version of the public’s role model, even if it the modern term was an understatement and less romanticized. Athletes still held the same power, influence and impact that were given by history to sportsmen. They were ideally seen to transcend mediocrity and to prove themselves by exceptional acts and to serve as perfect examples because of their superior qualities (Boon, 2005). They were seen to dominate human action and to symbolize success and perfection, as well as the conquest of evil. Thus, they were seen to be men of good character because if they were not it would mean they were imperfect and mediocre. Aside from the Greek correlation of sports and heroism, aside from physical development, how did sports become a tool to build character in the American perception? There was a time wherein sports was not even considered to be something good in American life as it was seen to be the root of gambling and everything that was un-Christian? How come it has now been regarded as an avenue of chivalry and gentlemanly behavior? It was during when the Church attempted to regulate sports that it was seen to serve the purpose of character development for boy and girls (Mosher, 1998). Even basketball was created to promote teamwork, self-sacrifice, obedience, self-control as well as loyalty. The biggest factor that was seen to have implanted the idea that athletes must be role models was the Olympic movement (Mosher, 1998). In the present, the analogy of comparing people of chivalry in the past to athlete role models of the present time was seen to be outdated. However, the fact that it was still existing seemed to provide the sense of intrigue as to where this concept came from and why it had survived for so long (Skidelsky, 2003). In the 19th century, sportsmen accepted the idea that they had a special duty to behave well. Athletes were seen to be required to behave under the â€Å"proponents of ‘muscular Christianity’† as it was instilled in moral instruction of the sports (Skidelsky, 2003). This created the belief that physical robustness was expectedly connected to moral purity, something that would be indubitable in the present world of sports. The public, at present, would be constantly bombarded with how athletes were not able to cope with the pressures and temptations of fame. Unlike the requirement of the past, professional sports had ceased to require any form of moral or responsible behavior for these athletes to be successful (Glenarden, 1997). Possessing success seemed to be held by society to be more important than possessing good character, morals or ethical behavior. How to cite Athletes and Ethics: The Choice to be Role Models, Papers

Nursing Practice in Context Evidence-Based Nursing

Question: Discuss about the Nursing Practice in Context for Evidence-Based Nursing. Answer: Pathophysiology of post-operative hypovolemia The post-operative hypovolemia indicates a decrease or reduction in the blood volume due to the absence of sufficient blood plasma also known as volume contraction occurring due to blood loss or sodium or intravascular water loss from the body (Yoder-Wise, 2014, p.90). According to Geerts et al. (2012,p. 670) studies, any condition like vomiting, diarrhoea, injury, large burns, and insufficient fluid intake can contribute to the hypovolemia condition. Basically, there are four stages of hypovolemia out of which the fourth stage is considered to be most severe state of hypovolemia shock. In the present case study, Mr. Jensen is in 3rd stage of hypovolemia where his systolic BP Loya et al. (2012, p.616) indicated that the state of hypovolemic shock is a stressful stage where the body does not persist enough blood to fulfil its requirements leading to decreased blood pressure or hypotension development in the body. As the heart is not able to get sufficient pumping blood it leads to lowering blood pressure. Kobayashi, Costantini Coimbra (2012, p. 1410) studied that initial stages of hypovolemic there is a loss of skin elasticity, dryness and lower urine output. To overcome this blood loss, human body tries to compensate by accelerating heart rate, heart contractions and shrinking periphery blood vessels. But, in the state of continuous blood loss, the compensation ability of body gets reduced that results in hypotension development. Mr. Jensen is observed of having this severe state of hypovolemic shock where his pre-operative condition of hypertension has now become hypotension due to huge fall in his blood pressure from BP- 155/100 to BP-104/55. Geerts et al. (2012, p. 672) studied that hypotension is a state of decreased blood pressure rather than low blood pressure that is identified by a comparing the current BP and baseline BP of the patient. Therefore, Mr. Jensen is in hypotension state where his current BP is very low when compared to his baseline blood pressure. This hypotension is the outcome of hypovolemic shock condition that is produced by the different bodily system to control haemorrhage. According to Weingarten et al. (2012, p.45) there is activation of the coagulation cascade and shrinking of blood vessels by the hematologic system to compensate blood losses in the body. The thromboxane A2 gets activated creating immature clot in the bleeding source that takes 24 hours for maturation. Therefore, the body remains in a state of hypovolemic shock for the minimum period of 24 hours. Further, Kobayashi, Costantini Coimbra (2012, p. 1416) studied indicated that cardiovascular system of the body shows acceleration in myocardial contraction, heart rate and peripheral blood vessels contraction in response to hypovolemia. This leads to lowering of blood pressure in the body. The renal system of the body reacts by acceleration in renin secretion, which leads to the development of Angiotensin II. This Angiotensin II helps by reversing the stressful haemorrhagic situation by activating aldosterone secretion that improves sodium reabsorption in the body. According toHolte (2010, p. 4156),pathophysiology of postoperative hypovolemia is highly contributed by the neuroendocrine system that leads to lower urine output in the body. The activation of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is initiated by the neuroendocrine system as a response of hypotension. This ADH favours an increase in reabsorption of salt and water in the loop of Henle, collecting ducts and distal tubule in the kidney. Therefore, a decreased urine output is observed as a symptom of hypovolemia. In the case of Mr. Jensen decreased urinary output identified as post-operative condition contributes to hypovolemic shock. His urinary output of1ml/kg/hr and dilute indicates a much low level of urine output from his body. Further, there are many indications in assessment data of Mr. Jensen that must have contributed to the pathophysiology of hypervolemia stressful condition where he had a cold body indication as the initial symptom of stress. The heart rate of Mr. Jensen was recorded as 107BPM that is little higher than normal heart rate indicating cardiovascular activities of hypervolemia state working to manage decrease in the blood pressure. He was under Hartmanns Solution intake at 125mIs/hr that is a replacement for lost mineral salts and body fluid indicates a loss of body fluid in his body. He was also under the state of hypoxemia having FiO2 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨6 ltires supply to the body. Geerts et al. (2012, p. 669) indicated that hypoxemia is also a part of hypervolemia pathophysiology where a low level of blood plasma leads to low oxygen absorption it the blood creating respiratory disorder. The organs like brain, heart kidneys and liver of body win to overcome the traumatic condition of hypovolemic but organs like skin, GI tract and skeletal muscle fails to do so. The physiology of body response involves increased respiration, cardiac output and retention of sodium. But, the body is not able to compensate hypotension and tachycardia situation occurring in this condition. There is an increase in vasopressin, epinephrine and angiotensin by the body to overcome this state with baroreceptor-mediated vasoconstriction (Polit Beck, 2013, p.101). This results in lower urine output, minimized pulse rate, tachypnea and tachycardia (Schlag Redl, 2012, p. 90). Identifying priority problems of Mr. Jensen as per ABCDE approach and their justification The ABCDE (Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure) exposure approach is the most reliable and acceptable clinical approach of immediate patient assessment to allow immediate essential interventions and treatment. ABCDE approach is used in case of all clinical emergencies and injuries where specific techniques are applied to gather data about the critical problems confronted by the patient (Morandi, Brummel Ely, 2011, p. 46). In this study, ABCDE approach is used to access the priority problem of Mr. Jensen that requires proper treatment and intervention. Airway evaluation This is the very first step of ABCDE assessment approach where the airway obstruction of the patient is identified using see-saw respiration technique. This is done to access any kind of obstacle in the airway that can harm the normal breathing and speech of the patient (DiCenso, Guyatt Ciliska, 2014, p. 145). In the case of Mr. Jensen, he is observed to be having a clear airway obstruction because he is already on FiO2 with normal respiration rate 24BPM indicated in his assessment data. Breathing evaluation: This assessment involves identifying the respiratory rate, movements of chest walls, pulse oximetry, chest beating and auscultation of lungs. The main aim of this assessment is to determine the breathing depth, respiratory patterns and chest deformities occurring due to illness or injury. This process involves recording the respiratory rate and SpO2 rate (Wilson Giddens, 2014, p.120). In the case of Mr. Jensen, there is no priority issue identified for his breathing as he is having a normal respiratory rate and SpO2 rate as per his assessment data. Circulation evaluation: This assessment step involves identifying the issues in the circulatory system of the body that are identified by abnormal symptoms in skin, pulse rate, blood pressure, ECG monitoring, and capillary refill time (CRT). In the case of injury, the external condition is examined to determine the severity of haemorrhage (DiCenso, Guyatt Ciliska, 2014, p. 145). In the case of Mr. Jensen, the circulation evaluation indicates a major problem of hypotension indicated by low diastolic blood pressure count that is 55. He is also having a fluid loss problem, which is compensated with Harmans Solution running at 125mls/hr. Another priority issue is to manage the low urine output of Mr. Jensen that is only 1ml/kg/hr, as well as urine, is very dilute indicating a major issue. He is also having a slightly higher heart rate, which is 107 BPM that is higher from normal heart rate that should be within 60 to 100 beats per minute. Further, his wound condition is critical having notable swelling and appearance of sereous ooze with the injured leg being cool when touched. These assessment conditions confirm the presence of hypovolemia as another priority concern in the patient. Disability evaluation: The disability evaluation involves determining the pain responsiveness, alert, and voice responsiveness along with accessing the blood glucose level, limb mobility and pupillary reflexes as per the conscious state of the patient (Wilson Giddens, 2014, p.122). In the case of Mr. Jensen, he is having a priority issue of high pain score that is 7 out of 10 indicating a requirement of pain management. He is also identified with a very high blood glucose level of 17mmols/ltr. 2mIs/hr unit of insulin and dextrose infusion manages his high blood glucose. Exposure: This assessment is used to identify the exposed skin condition and temperature of the patient body (Wilson Giddens, 2014, p.125). In the case of Mr. Jensen, he is having a normal body temperature. Describing nursing goal for each identified priority problem in case study The below-provided table involves the nursing goal for the care of each identified health problem in the case of Mr. Jensen along with its explanation. Health problem Nursing goal Explanation Hypovolemia To maintain and monitor the normal body fluid balance This goal will help to overcome the state of hypovolemic shock in the patient. Further, monitoring will help to manage the fluid balance to avoid Hypovolemia in future (McGregor et al. 2012, p. 510). Hypotension Physical activities and movements support an increase to blood circulation The minor physical movement will help in increasing body heat and blood circulation (Chan Perry, 2012, p. 2255). Low urine output Maintain 24-hour balance of input and output body fluid This goal will help to overcome the deficient fluid volume in the body of patient (Chianca et al. 2012, p. 860). High pain score Pain controlled and complication prevented This goal will focus to apply intervention for minimizing the pain score of 7 (Merriman, Stayt Ricketts, 2014, p. 120). High blood sugar level Provided education about self-care management technique (DSME) The goal is let patient understand the seven elements of self-care for managing diabetes mellitus type -2 (Fairman et al. 2011, p. 194) High heart rate Deficient knowledge addressed and implemented for patient This goal will address the knowledge defects regarding self-care and treatment regarding heart problems (Stevenson et al. 2014, p. 256) Fracture swelling Control over critical condition This nursing goal will involve care techniques to minimize the swelling issue (Cwik, 2012, p. 441) Serous exudate in fracture site Successful monitor and documentation of exudate condition This goal will work to detect the complications such as infection in the wound (Chan Perry, 2012, p. 2254). Pain controlled and complication prevented Nursing intervention Rationale Provide immobilization of injured body part or organ with the help of support, bed rest, splint, cast and traction This intervention was practice in the study of Stevenson et al. (2014, p. 283) where immobilization was maintained for pain relief that also helped in preventing complications like bone displacement and other injuries. Borchers Gershwin (2014, p. 245) indicated that it is better to immobilize the painful part or organ in the state of fracture to avoid extension of injury. This intervention works to minimise the high pain score of the patient. Avoid or replace the Lenin bed sheets, plastic covers and pillows under limbs in the chuck. This intervention will minimize the discomfort that can occur due to the fiction of such materials used in beddings. Kobayashi, Costantini Coimbra (2012, p. 1410) indicated that clothes like Lenins and chiffon can lead to heat production in the body as well as pressurization on injuries. Periodic and regular ROM exercises for other regions of the body except injured parts. This intervention provides strength and functionality to other body parts or muscles that facilitate the treatment of injured parts or muscles. Borchers Gershwin (2014, p. 253) indicated that Range of Motion (ROM) exercises are specifically meant for specific body parts. Therefore, they can best address to provide mobility under fracture conditions for other parts of the body. Kobayashi, Costantini Coimbra (2012, p. 1419) studied a survey in hospital where patient practising ROM exercises dwell early recovery in comparison to non-participating patients. Apply stress managing and comfort providing techniques (massage, relaxation, deep breathing, talking, backrub) Lave et al. (2014, p. 9) indicated that nursing stress management in painful condition gets a control over pressure, anxiety promotes sensory stimulation, and minimises the traumatic condition. These nursing stress managing and comfort providing techniques persist invisible pain control processes. Periodic evaluation and documentation if discomfort and pain using similar pain scale tool (0-10 scale). Observe and document the non-verbal vital signs, movements, behaviour and emotions of pain. A continuous pain evaluation and monitoring helps to determine the effectiveness created by nursing interventions in the present condition of pain. Further, documenting pain-monitoring outcomes is a nursing duty that can further help the physician in developing the treatment protocol. Lave et al. (2014, p. 7) indicated that regular pain evaluation in between score of 0-10 provides a numerical report of patient pain that can be considered as a prove of successful intervention. However, Stevenson et al. (2014, p. 282) indicated that there are feeling like anxiety, stress etc. can lead to expressionless pain. Therefore, dependency on the pain scale is not completely reliable assessment. Therefore, nurses should keenly observe the non-verbal vital signs indicating the painful condition and provide documentation report of such observations. Provided education about self-care management technique (DSME) Nursing Intervention Rationale Implementing DSME guidance and knowledge The Diabetes Self-Management Education is an intervention provided by American Diabetes Association that helps in addressing patient knowledge deficits regarding diabetes self-management. This intervention of guidance and knowledge will involve information about daily sugar monitor, self-management exercises, nutrition requirement of the body and required physical activity (Powers et al. 2015, p. 420). Guiding about nutrition therapy Redmon et al. (2014, p. 3) indicated that obesity along with diabetic gives rise to a very critical state of disease. It is essential to reduce the obese condition of the patient by applying or guiding patient about nutrition therapy. The daily nutrition chart provides at the time of DSME intervention will help in self-management of obesity. Educating about seven diabetic self-management techniques The seven elementary diabetes self management techniques studied by Powers et al. (2015, p. 423) involves risk assessment, avoiding substance abuse, risk-reducing practice, daily sugar monitoring, stress managing exercise, slow walking, and avoiding harmful diet. These seven elements as education program easily explain the patient about the concept of diabetes self-management. Teaching patient about requirements of critical conditions It is advisable to reach the physician in certain critical condition when the blood sugar crosses its specific limit, unconsciousness and weakness. Redmon et al. (2014, p. 5) indicated that generally patients are unaware of the critical diabetic conditions and they avoid physician visit. Therefore, it is essential to educate them regarding these critical scenarios as a part of DSME education technique. References DiCenso, A., Guyatt, G., Ciliska, D. (2014).Evidence-based nursing: A guide to clinical practice. Netherlands: Elsevier Health Sciences. Polit, D. F., Beck, C. T. (2013).Essentials of nursing research: Appraising evidence for nursing practice. Pennsylvania: Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Schlag, G., Redl, H. (Eds.). (2012).Pathophysiology of shock, sepsis, and organ failure. Berlin: Springer Science Business Media. Wilson, S. F., Giddens, J. F. (2014).Health assessment for nursing practice. Netherlands: Elsevier Health Sciences. Yoder-Wise, P. S. (2014).Leading and managing in nursing. Netherlands: Elsevier Health Sciences. Borchers, A. T., Gershwin, M. E. (2014). Complex regional pain syndrome: a comprehensive and critical review.Autoimmunity reviews,13(3), 242-265. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24161450 Chan, C. W., Perry, L. (2012). Lifestyle health promotion interventions for the nursing workforce: a systematic review.Journal of clinical nursing,21(15à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 16), 2247-2261.URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22788559 Chianca, T. C. M., Salgado, P. D. O., Albuquerque, J. P., Campos, C. C., Tannure, M. C., Ercole, F. F. (2012). Mapping nursing goals of an intensive care unit to the Nursing Outcomes Classification.Revista latino-americana de enfermagem,20(5), 854-862. URL: https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttextpid=S0104-11692012000500006 Cwik, J. (2012). Postoperative considerations of neuraxial anesthesia. Anesthesiology clinics,30(3), 433-443. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22989587 Fairman, J. A., Rowe, J. W., Hassmiller, S., Shalala, D. E. (2011). Broadening the scope of nursing practice.New England Journal of Medicine, 364(3), 193-196. URL: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1012121#t=article Geerts, B. F., van den Bergh, L., Stijnen, T., Aarts, L. P., Jansen, J. R. (2012). Comprehensive review: is it better to use the Trendelenburg position or passive leg raising for the initial treatment of hypovolemia?.Journal of clinical anesthesia,24(8), 668-674. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23228872 Holte, K. (2010). Pathophysiology and clinical implications of peroperative fluid management in elective surgery.Dan Med Bull,57(7), B4156. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20591343 Kobayashi, L., Costantini, T. W., Coimbra, R. (2012). Hypovolemic shock resuscitation.Surgical Clinics of North America,92(6), 1403-1423. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00396109/92 Lave, R., Wilson, M. W., Barron, E. S., Biermann, C., Carey, M. A., Duvall, C. S., ... Pain, R. (2014). Intervention: Critical physical geography.The Canadian Geographer/Le Gographe canadien,58(1), 1-10. URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cag.12061/abstract Loya, J. J., Mindea, S. A., Yu, H., Venkatasubramanian, C., Chang, S. D., Burns, T. C. (2012). Intracranial hypotension producing reversible coma: a systematic review, including three new cases: A review.Journal of neurosurgery,117(3), 615-628. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22725982 McGregor, C. A., Paton, C., Thomson, C., Chandratilake, M., Scott, H. (2012). Preparing medical students for clinical decision making: a pilot study exploring how students make decisions and the perceived impact of a clinical decision making teaching intervention.Medical teacher,34(7), e508-e517. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22452752 Merriman, C. D., Stayt, L. C., Ricketts, B. (2014). Comparing the effectiveness of clinical simulation versus didactic methods to teach undergraduate adult nursing students to recognize and assess the deteriorating patient.Clinical Simulation in Nursing,10(3), e119-e127. URL: https://www.nursingsimulation.org/article/S1876-1399(13)00241-7/abstract Morandi, A., Brummel, N. E., Ely, E. W. (2011). Sedation, delirium and mechanical ventilation: the ABCDE approach.Current opinion in critical care, 17(1), 43-49. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21169829 Powers, M. A., Bardsley, J., Cypress, M., Duker, P., Funnell, M. M., Fischl, A. H., ... Vivian, E. (2015). Diabetes self-management education and support in type 2 diabetes a joint position statement of the American Diabetes Association, the American Association of Diabetes Educators, and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.The Diabetes Educator,41(4), 417-430. URL: https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/38/7/1372 Redmon, B., Caccamo, D., Flavin, P., Michels, R., OConnor, P., Roberts, J., ... Sperl-Hillen, J. (2014). Diagnosis and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults.Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement. Updated July. URL: https://www.icsi.org/_asset/3rrm36/Diabetes.pdf Stevenson, M., Gomersall, T., Jones, M. L., Rawdin, A., Hernndez, M., Dias, S., ... Rees, A. (2014). Percutaneous vertebroplasty and percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fractures: a systematic review and cost-effectiveness analysis. Health Technol Assess, 18(17), 1-290 URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24650687 Weingarten, T. N., Venus, S. J., Whalen, F. X., Lyne, B. J., Tempel, H. A., Wilczewski, S. A., ... Sprung, J. (2012, January). Postoperative emergency response team activation at a large tertiary medical center. InMayo Clinic Proceedings, 87(1), 41-49. Elsevier. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3538389/

Growth strategies and key fundamentals

Growth strategy is a tactical plan devised and executed for the purpose of business expansion. Growth strategies should be part and parcel of every business whether small or big.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Growth strategies and key fundamentals specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Expansion strategies are specifically essential for small business ventures which get easily influenced even by the slightest alterations in the market. Changes in the customers, price and competition can negatively affect the growth of any business. Having a strategic plan of growth provides a sense of direction for a business and helps a lot in the minimization of the effects of market place changes (Sabharwal, n.d). This paper compares and contrasts different growth strategies and key fundamentals that should be considered before embarking on an important strategy of growth and wealth building. Every organization has the responsibil ity of formulating its specific expansion strategy according to its own uniqueness in order to function more competitively. The main growth strategies include expansion, diversification and modernization. Expansion entails escalation of the market share and increasing profits and sales returns of present products and services. This can be successfully done through increased production of existing products and services so as to satisfy a larger market hence increase in sales and profit. The expansion strategy is beneficial especially for those businesses that have a smaller share in the market (Sabharwal, n.d).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Besides expansion, diversification is a good growth strategy which involves the development of fresh products and services for fresh markets. It reaches a point where a business can no longer expand its existing products and services. Th erefore, for the purpose of increasing sales, the business should opt for diversification as a growth strategy. Moreover, diversification is not only about changing the outlook of a product or service but also adding completely different products and services. It is evident that there is a major difference between expansion and diversification. Expansion involves an increase in the production and sales of existing products while diversification entails the addition of entirely fresh products and fresh markets. A business can also use modernization as a strategy to realize growth. Modernization involves the improvement of technology to intensify production, enrich value and to trim down wastage and production expenses. The dilapidated and old-fashioned machines and equipment are exchanged with recent ones in order to guarantee efficiency and effectiveness. Moreover, modernization enables a business to become more competitive and enhances acquisition of up to date skills by employees. In addition, modernization enhances growth by ensuring that the profitability of a business is increased because of heightened efficiency and minimized wastage (Sabharwal, n.d). There are key fundamentals that should be considered in any business before embarking on the important strategy of growth.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Growth strategies and key fundamentals specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They fundamentals include the people that make up the business, the purpose for operating the business, the business processes that are undertaken to fulfill the purpose, the physical resources required to accomplish the processes and the customer who is willing to buy the products and services of a business. All these factors should be considered in order to determine the success of any growth strategy (McKaskill, 2010). Conclusion Every business should have a strategic action plan for the purpose of achieving a competitive advantage and to acquire a good share in the market. Therefore, growth strategies should be included in future plans of a business in order to enhance efficiency. A business without a growth strategy will be unable to survive in the market in this technological era. Businesses always choose their growth strategies depending on their individual needs. For instance, a business that faces the risk of its products becoming obsolete should opt for diversification as a way out. It is evident from the research that there are key aspects that should be in place in order to ensure a successful implementation of a growth strategy. The aspects which include the people, the resources and the customers work hand in hand in ensuring the survival and success of any business venture. Reference List McKaskill, T. (2010, February). Ultimate Growth Strategies. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sabharwal, S. (n.d). Alternative Growth Strategies for Small Business. Web. This essay on Growth strategies and key fundamentals was written and submitted by user Gloria F. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Death of a Salesmen

Death Of A Salesman: Willy and Biff The play Death Of A Salesman, the brainchild of Arthur Miller was transformed and fitted to the movie screen in the year 1986. The play itself is set in the house of Willy Loman, and tells the melancholy story of a salesman who is in deep financial trouble, and the only remedy for the situation is to commit suicide. In the stage production of this tale that I saw last summer in Wisconsin, the specific lighting, set, and musical designs really gave the story a strong undertow of depression. For example, when Willy was alone in his room talking to himself, they would only use a spot light and would focus more of it on his face causing a shadow effect on his eyes, making him look even older. Logically the screen and stage productions both differ greatly in regards to the mood they set. Moreover the movie production can do many things that just cannot be done on stage, with reference to the setting of course. For example in this case a stage production cannot flash back without ha ving to reset the stage or reset the scene with different characters whereas in the film production they could just fade out and reshot the next scene without the audience seeing this. To generalize, the play gives us a good hard look at the great American Dream failing miserably through the character Biff and Willy Loman. Death of a Salesman specifically focuses on four characters, the first being the main character Willy Loman, and his wife Linda, and their two sons Hap and Biff Loman. As mentioned, the focal point of this play is Willy Loman, a salesman in his early sixties. Throughout the story we are told the hard life, emotions and triumphs of Willy the salesman. Early in the play we learn that he has recently been demoted to working for commission, which later in the play, translates into Willy getting fired. As the plot unfolds we discover that Willy had a rich brother who recently died named Ben, who... Free Essays on Death of a Salesmen Free Essays on Death of a Salesmen Death Of A Salesman: Willy and Biff The play Death Of A Salesman, the brainchild of Arthur Miller was transformed and fitted to the movie screen in the year 1986. The play itself is set in the house of Willy Loman, and tells the melancholy story of a salesman who is in deep financial trouble, and the only remedy for the situation is to commit suicide. In the stage production of this tale that I saw last summer in Wisconsin, the specific lighting, set, and musical designs really gave the story a strong undertow of depression. For example, when Willy was alone in his room talking to himself, they would only use a spot light and would focus more of it on his face causing a shadow effect on his eyes, making him look even older. Logically the screen and stage productions both differ greatly in regards to the mood they set. Moreover the movie production can do many things that just cannot be done on stage, with reference to the setting of course. For example in this case a stage production cannot flash back without ha ving to reset the stage or reset the scene with different characters whereas in the film production they could just fade out and reshot the next scene without the audience seeing this. To generalize, the play gives us a good hard look at the great American Dream failing miserably through the character Biff and Willy Loman. Death of a Salesman specifically focuses on four characters, the first being the main character Willy Loman, and his wife Linda, and their two sons Hap and Biff Loman. As mentioned, the focal point of this play is Willy Loman, a salesman in his early sixties. Throughout the story we are told the hard life, emotions and triumphs of Willy the salesman. Early in the play we learn that he has recently been demoted to working for commission, which later in the play, translates into Willy getting fired. As the plot unfolds we discover that Willy had a rich brother who recently died named Ben, who...

Strategic management assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Strategic management assignment - Essay Example Now-a-days the organizations are bringing rapid, volatile and discontinuous changes. It makes strategic management more multifaceted and challenging. There are two principal drivers that influence the nature of competitors’ background. These will help the organizations to adopt and maintain that change. Technology and global economy are two important drivers of businesses. Therefore, substantial changes in these drivers can affect the strategic management process of an organization. Several models can help the CEOs to respond to the discontinuous changes. The combination of those two change approaches is suitable for the transformation of the organizations. This approach is considered as holistic approach. This holistic approach will help to produce effective flexibility to the businesses to counter the uncertain situations. It is necessary to have a strategic change plan that can be learned in order to relieve the fear of this change among the employees. Critical learning is indispensable. It will help to create a knowledge based work environment of understanding the critical problems. Moreover, transfer of knowledge will help to enhance the decision making ability in a situation of sudden change. Rapid, Volatile and Discontinuous Change Rapid and volatile organizational change is an intentional and structured approach that helps to transit the employees, groups and organizations from a current position to a significant future position. On the other hand, discontinuous change can be defined as sudden, unintentional and non-incremental change that threatens the power structure and existing traditional authority (Hubbard, 2004). The organizations implement rapid and volatile changing process to improve the internal structure of an organization. This process helps the management of the organization to capitalize on the potential opportunities and to meet with the changing customer demand rapidly by effective redesigning of product and services (Foster & Br owne, 1996). On the other hand, the objective of the discontinuous change process is to identify and rectify the current organizational problems. The organizations implement this change to establish new strategies to improve the organizational performance. Leading organizations around the globe are trying to capitalize on the potential opportunities by implementing these changes. Moreover, continuous changes in the organization required for any changes in external environmental factors help the organization to maintain a healthy work environment and achieve competence in the industry. It is important for the information managers to review the environmental factors and identify the current trends. This strategic audit planning will help the organizations to understand the external and internal information services (Sutton, 1999). PEST analysis is a common tool that helps the organization to assess the external factors, such as political, social, technological and economical changes. Another important common strategic audit tool is SWOT analysis. It helps the organization to assess the internal factors. This SWOT analysis considers internal strengths, weaknesses and external opportunities and threats. Following is the strategic management model that used to assess the role, impact and implication of rapid, volatile and discontinuous organizational change. An important principle of strategic managem

Institutional Investment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Institutional Investment - Essay Example The discussion will, however, start by providing background information on the two plans. These plans are abstractly simpler and involve the employer (and in some cases the employee) making regular contributions to the retirement account of the employee. The amount of contributions is predetermined, usually a specified fraction of the salary. This fraction is, however, subject to alterations in the course of the employee’s career. In this plan, the both contributions are tax-deductible although the investment income accumulates tax-free. In most cases, the employee decides on his/her choice of account investment. This may include investing in stock markets, bonds or any security that pleases them. At retirement, the employee can either receive an annuity or a lump sum, and the size of this money depends on the value of the accumulated funds in the employee’s retirement account (Poterba et al., 2007). The employee bears the risk of their investment and thus the employer has no any extra obligation beyond contributing to their employee’s retirement pla n account. The valuation of defined contribution plans is simple and involves measuring the market value of the assets created in the retirement account. In most cases, the employee is guided in their personal financial planning by their defined contributions plan’s sponsor (Clark 1999). Unlike the defined contributions plan which focuses more on the value of retirement account’s created assets, defined benefits plan focuses on the flow of benefits received by the employee at retirement. Typically, a defined benefits plan uses the employee’s wage history and the years of service as the determinants of the value of the benefit (Huberman, Iyengar & Jiang 2007). Upon retirement, the employee receives a defined monthly amount that is guaranteed for their life and that of their spouse. In some cases, the plan allows room

H.W 8 GSC125-01 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

H.W 8 GSC125-01 - Essay Example Answer: Coriolis Effect reverses direction between the hemispheres so that the large scale winds in the Southern Hemisphere swerve to the left rather than to the left. This reversal is related to the difference in an observer’s sense of earth’s rotation in the two hemispheres. To an observer looking down from high above the North Pole, the planet rotates counterclockwise, whereas to an observer high above the South Pole, the planet rotates clockwise. For the observer measuring motion relative to a coordinate system anchored to the rotating Earth, this reversal in the apparent direction of rotation between the two hemispheres translates into a reversal in the direction of the Coriolis Effect. Answer: The counterclockwise and inward spiral of cyclone in Northern hemisphere converge surface winds towards the center of the low. Air ascends in response to converging surface winds and diverging winds aloft. The adiabatic expansion of ascending air within a cyclone lowers the temperature and saturation vapor pressure, thereby increasing the relative humidity of unsaturated air. Clouds and precipitation may eventually develop, so that cyclones are typically stormy weather

Evolution Of Coffee Culture In United States

Evolution Of Coffee Culture In United States Introduction O Coffee! Thou dost dispel all care, thou are the object of desire to the scholar. This is the beverage of the friends of God. In Praise of Coffee, Arabic Poem (1511). Everyone knows what a coffee is. Especially since coffee became a essential drink in everyday for most of the people in the world. Nowadays when we walk down any street, we see at least two or more coffee shops with full of people drinking coffee. Since I was very little, I always wondered, how coffee made and how it become the coffee business became one of the most valuable commodity industry in the world. When you search it, you find that this commodity we call coffee is a basicly a berry containing seeds. Yet coffee is the second most valuable exported legal commodity on earth (after oil of course), providing worlds most widely taken psychoactive drug. Coffee provides a livelihood for over twenty million humans beings around the world. It is an incredibly labor-intensive crop, with all but very small percentage requiring the individual human hand. The irony of the coffee industry is that the vast majority of those who perfom repetitive tasks work in the most beautiful places on earth, with tropical volcanic peaks as backdrop in a climate thtat have a temperature of 27  °C but these laborers earn an evarage of 3 dollars a day. The coffee they prepare travels halfway around the world and lands on breakfast tables, officer and cafes of the England, Germany, United States and and other developed countries, where these cosmopolitan consumers pay half a days Third World countries wages for a good cup of coffee. People who make money from coffee doesnt stop in just producing. There are also the exporters, importarts, amd roasters. There are the expert slurping, savoring, and spitting coffee. There are the retailers, the vending machine suppliers, the marketers, the advertising copyrighters, the consultants. This is why it is the second most valuable commodity on earth because they are many opportunities to earn money just from a sack of coffee beans. Beginning as a medicinal drink for the elite group of people, coffee became the favored modern stimulant of worker during their break, the gossip starter in kitchens. Coffeehouses have provided places to plan revolutions, write poetry, do business and meet friends. For example United Statess first black presidents inaugural speech was written by a young man, age 27, in a Starbucks. Without noticing, he wrote a historical speech, which will probably be analysed in future,was written in a common coffeehouse. Around the world we are currently witbessing a coffee revival as miniroasters revive the art of coffee blending and customers rediscover the josy of fresh-roasted, fresh brewed coffee made from the best beans in the world. Coffee has assumed a social meaning that goes far beyond the simple black brew in a cup. The worldwide coffee culture is more than a culture-it is psychological addiction. There are newsgroup on the subject, along with countless number of sites on World Wide Web, and Starbucks outles populate every street corner, fighting for space with other coffeehouses and chains. And after all is said and done, its just a bag of berry from an Ethiopian shrub. This essay is about the coffee culture and its effect in United States. Coffee is a term used to describe a social atmosphere that depends heavily upon coffee shops, espressoin particular, to act as a social lubricant. It is a common tradition in American culture to spend their time in coffeeshops. I will explain the impacts of coffee and its culture in American people and media. History of Coffee Coffee makes us severe, and grave and philosophical Jonathan Swift, 1722 Possibly the cradle of mankind, now called Ethiopia, is the birthplace of coffee. Situated at the conjunction of the African and Arab worlds known as the Horn of Africa, the mountainous country has a biblical quality. There are lots of story of how coffee discovered with different perspectives thus we do not know exactly when or by whom coffee discovered. Between the various Ethiopian and Arab legends, the most appealing story involves dancing goats. A goatherd named Kaldi loved following the wandering paths made by his goats as they combed the mountainsides for food. His job didnt require him to do much, so he was free to make up songs and to play his pipe. In the late afternoon, when he blew a special, piercing note, his goats scampered from their browsing in the forest to follow him back home. One afternoon, however, the goats did not come. Kaldi blew his pipe again. Still no goats. Puzzled, the boy climbed higher, listening for them. Finally he heard bleating in the distance. Running around the corner of a narrow trail, Kaldi suddenly came upons the goats. Under the thich rain forest canopy, which allowed the sun to sift through in suddent bright splotches, the goats were running about, butting one another, dancing on their hind legs, and bleating excitedly. As he watched, one goat after another chewed doff the glossy green leaves and red berries of a tree he had never seen before. The goats refured to come home with hià ¶ until hours later. The next day, they ran directly back to the same grove and repeated the performance. This time Kaldi decided it was safe to him to join them. First, he chewed on a few leaves. They tasted bitter. As he masticated them, however, he experienced a slow tingle, mocing from his tongue down into his gut, expanding to his entire body. Next he tried the berries. The fruit was midly sweet, and the seed that popped out were covered with a thich, tasty mucilage. Finally, he chewed the seeds themselves. Soon, according to legend, Kaldi was dancing and playing with his goats. He felt that he would never be tired or grouchy again. Kaldi told his father about the magical tree, the word spread, and soon coffee became an integral part of Ethiopian culture. By the time Rhazes, an Arabian physican, first mentioned coffee in print in the tenth century, it probably had been deliberately cultivated for hundred of years. It is likely that, as in the legend, the beans and leaves of bunn, as coffee was called, at first were simply chewed, but the inventive Ethiopians quickly graduated to more palatable ways of getting their caffeine fix. Probably in the sixteenth century, someone roasted the beans, ground them and made a infusion. Coffee as we know it came into being. Once the Ethiopians discovered coffee it was only a matter of time until the drink spead through trade with the Arabs across the narrow band of Red sea. The Arabs took to the stimulating drink. They began culvivating the trees, complete wit irrigation ditches calling it qahwa, an Arab word for wine-from which the name coffee derives. At first the Arab monks adopted coffee as a drink that would allow them to stay awake for midnight prayers more easily.While coffee was considered a medicine or religious aid, it soon enough slipped into everyday use. As the drink gained popularity throughout the sixteenth century, it also gained its reputation as a troublemaking social brew. Many rulers decided that people were having too much fun in coffeehouses. In the end rulers and religious leaders denounced coffee during this century. But these bans didnt took long. Coffee provided an intellectual stimulant, a pleasant way to feel increased energy without any apparent ill effect. Coffeehouses basicly allowed people to get together for conversation, entertainment, and business, inspiring agreements, poetry, and irrevenrence in equal measure. So important did the brew become in Turkey that a lack of sufficient coffee provided grounds for a woman to seek a divorce. The Ottoman Turks occupied Yemen in 1536, and soon afterward coffee bean became an important export throughout the Turkish Empire. Then through the Ottoman traders coffee beans came to Europe. At first Europeans didnt know what to make of the stange new brew. In 1610 travelling British poet Sir George Sandys noted that the Turks sat chatting most of the day over their coffee, which he described as blacke as soote, and tasting not much unlike it. Then I can briefly that coffee beans went through many places. Coffee went to France through the Turkish ambassador. Later on coffee came to Vienna through Turkish army while threatening to invade Europe. When Turkish troops failed in the siege of Vienna, Franz George Kolschitzky took all the coffee and opened the first Viennese cafe. After coffee became a famous drink in Europe, the North American colonists emulated the coffe boom of the mother country, with the first American house opening in Boston in 1689. Here, over many cups of coffee and other brews, John Adams, James Otis, and Paul Revere met to foment rebellion, prompting Daniel Webster to call it the headquarters of the Revolution. This is the first proof of that coffees effect to American Culture. Coffee in America We have joined in many a march in old Virginia, when the days were long and hot, and the power of the soldiers to endure the fatigue of the march and keeop their places in the ranks was greatly enhanced by an opportunity to brew a cup of coffee by the wayside Captian R.K. Beecham- Gettysburg: The Pivotal Battle of the Civil War The American thirst for coffee was slow to develop in a new country whose citizens preferred booze. Most colonial drinking was utilitarian, with high alcohol consumption a normal part of personal and community habits observe the author of Drinking in America. Still, coffee was popular enough to cause over a hundred Boston women to raid a food warehouse in 1777. Throughout the first half of the 1800s the American taste for coffee swelled, particularly after the war of 1812, which temporarily shut off access to tea just when all things French, including coffee drinking, were stylish. By that time Brazilian coffee was easy to get and cheaper in anyway. Perhaps price was counted even more than political ideology when Americans came to choose their favorite caffeinated beverage, coffee. Once introduced to the black brew, Native Americans adopted it as well. Indeed, the Indians attacked many wagon trains specifically to get coffee- along with sugar,tobacco, and whiskey. On the other hand, white traders took advantage of the Indians, trading one cup of coffee for a buffalo robe. Thus the coffee became a trade item between two races. American coffeehouses, which continued the British coffeehouse traditions as penny universities and enhanced their feared and celebrated status as seminaries of sedition. At first they were simply taverns serving ale, port and rum, as well as coffee. But soon these coffeehouses featured in American official civic life in ways that had been unknown even in England. The Green Dragon, a coffeehouse tavern and inn established in 1697, which Daniel Webster called the headquarters of the Revolution, was frequented in the next century by other rebels and remained open in Bostons business center for 135 years. Throughout this time, the Green Dragon, remained a center of activity, hosting from the first, Red-coated British soldiers, colonial governors, bewigged crown officers, earls and dukes, citizens of high estate, plotting revolutionist of lesser degree, conspirators in the Boston Tea party, patriots and generals of the Revolution. The Grand Lodge of Masons, under the leadership of the fi rst grand master of Bostons first Masonic group, convened there as well. Today in the United States more than 80 percent of adults consume caffeine on a dailt basis. The average daily consumption among all adults is approximately 200 mg per day and among coffee consumers is approximately 280 mg. By appying the standards and definitions about caffeine, this would mean 75 million people fit the criteria for moderate caffeine dependence. How Coffee Evolved in America In many ways WWI marked the beginning of the modern world. It introduced the technological advanced weapons and the term shell shock but also accelerated a global outlook and increased international commerce. For coffee men, the war shifted the focus of Latin America to United States as its most reliable customer. While Euroe suffered through the war, U.S. roasters took full advantage of a favorable business situation created by the war. In the cofused wartime economy, the New York Coffee Exchange closed its doors for four months. In 1914 an editorial in a coffee trade journal called for American coffee men to act. Because the Europe were fighting for their home territories and independence, they were compelled to neglect established trade in South America. Moreover, coffee prices were bound to decline, since United Stattes now represented the only major market for the beans. The vending machine helped make the institutionalization of that most venerated American tradition, the coffee break. In fact the phrase was the invention of the Pan America Coffee Bureau in 1952. The bureau launched a radio, newspaper, and magazine campaigns with the theme, Give Yourself a Coffee Break- And Get What Coffee Gives to You. They used ads and fliers to encourage the spread of the coffee break beyond factories and offices. Hospitals started to use them. After Sunday worship services, people started to met for a coffee break with their pastors. The bureau also launched a Coffee Stop campaign on the roads to encourage motorists to pull over regularly for coffee as a safety measure. Role of Coffee in American Media Professor Prescott speaks of the influence of coffee as a beneficent exhilaration and as tending to increase the power of do muscular work as well as the power of concentration in mental effort In a sad word, and especially in a country like ours, recently and constitutionally deprived of wine the functions of coffee in bringing serene delight is an important one Boston Transcript -18 October 1923. While Brazil and other coffee growing countries vied to supply their share of caffeine to the the industrialized countries of the north, the jazzed-up North American entered a golden age of hustle in which business, advertising, and consumption defined a decade. Coffee emerged as a widely accepted drink, the scourge only of the most ardent health faddist, and it fueled the energetic decade of the twenties. Coffee consumption in fact did climb slowly through the 1920s. Even though the idea of coffeehouse was not expanded as rapidly as some anticipated, coffee cafes and lunch counters have supplanted hundreds of saloons. As Americans became more mobile with technological developments on expanding roadwats, they chose coffee as the drink for driving. At that time and still the truck stop means the coffee shop. Yet the most positive effect was by the first national adversiting campaign which was funded by the brazilian growers but executed by an American advertising firm. The campaign got under way in 1919 with spots in popular weekly magazines. Most of the ads were bland and predictable. Your Uncle Sam provided his boys with COFFEE. Coffee was the drink of intellectuals. All ended with the slogan, Coffee- the Essential drink. The national advertising campaign undoubtedly helped boost coffees image and sales. In the first few years of 1990s, the major roasters continued to battle one another without much to show for it, other than an innovative Tasters Choice campaign- and was even The commercials featured mini soap operas in which Tony, a soulful bachelor, meets By the mid-1990s it was clear to industry observers that major coffee roaters companies had lost their way, while small-scale coffees were booming. In 1995 Forbes summarized the fate of the big coffee merchants in a one-word healine: Oversleeping. The message the businesss magazine conveyed to Maxwell House, Folgers and Nestle: Wake up and smell the freshly ground coffee. Later on another company answered the call: Starbucks Starbucks Coffee Company According to legend, Merlin was born in the future and lived backward in time, moving toward the past. He must have often felt out of step with his contemporaries, filled as he was with unconventional notions of what might be. Im no sage, but sometimes I think I know how he must have felt. My vision for the future, my aspirations for what kind of company Starbucks should be, are so easily misunderstood Howard Schultz,1997

Japans Post War Economic Journey Essay -- Japanese History

On August 6th, 1945, America dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan. Three days later on August 9th, a second was dropped on Nagasaki. This effectively was the definitive end to World War II. The catastrophic damage caused by this vulgar display of power killed over 100,000 people in Hiroshima alone and left both cities as practically nothing more than radioactive ash. The unimaginable destruction caused by these attacks had obvious economic repercussions. Japan was a closed country that upheld a strict policy of isolationism. For nearly 300 years under the Tokugawa regime the country's population was not permitted to leave and foreigners were not welcomed upon its shore. There were instances when Europeans are known to have been on the archipelago, such as weapons dealers and religious missionaries, but these unwelcomed visitors usually met their demise at the end of a samurai's blade. The country was vehemently against any type of outside influence that could permeate and alter the traditional values and way of life the proud nation's occupants held so dearly to their culture. Any embracement of western ideals or beliefs was seen as an inexcusable betrayal of the very fabric of their national identity. This began to unravel however in 1686 with the Meiji Restoration, and the inevitable opening of ports along the eastern coast for trade with Americans that was brought about by the persistence of the American naval office, Commodore Matthew Perry. The cultural traditionalism was still intact to a large extent nearly 80 years later when the two of their cities were decimated by bombs dropped by the very foreigners who forced open their country with military intimidation. The subsequent US occupation that followed and their ... .... Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Frost, P. (2003). Postwar japan, 1952-1989. New York, NY: About Japan: A Teacher's Resource. Retrieved from http://aboutjapan.japansociety.org/content.cfm/postwar_japan_1952-1989 Johnson, R. (2005). Six men who built the modern auto industry. Motorbooks. Katsu, K., & Craig, T. (1991). Musui's story, the autobiography of a tokugawa samurai. Univ of Arizona Pr. Nakata, Y., & Mosk, C. The demand for college education in post war japan. University of Alabama. Retrieved from http://www.cba.ua.edu/assets/docs/efl/WP_114.pdf Murata, S., & Stern, S. "Technology Education in Japan." Journal of Technology Education. Fall 1993. Web. 30 Mar. 2012. . "Sony History" Retrieved from http://web.archive.org/web/20061128064313/http://www.sony.net/Fun/SH/1-1/h2.html